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| | Indications of dyslexia.
If a child has several of these indications, further investigation should be made. The child may be dyslexic, or there may be other reasons. This is not a checklist.
1. Persisting factors.
There are many persisting factors in dyslexia, which can appear from an early age. They will still be noticeable when the dyslexic child leaves school.
These include:
 | Obvious 'good' and 'bad' days, for no apparent reason, |
 | Confusion between directional words, e.g. up/down, in/out, |
 | Difficulty with sequence, e.g. coloured bead sequence, later with days of the week or numbers, |
 | A family history of dyslexia/reading difficulties.
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2. Pre-school.
 | Has persistent jumbled phrases, e.g. 'cobbler's club' for 'toddler's club' |
 | Use of substitute words e.g. 'lampshade' for 'lamppost'. |
 | Inability to remember the label for known objects, e.g. 'table, chair'. |
 | Difficulty learning nursery rhymes and rhyming words, e.g. 'cat, mat, sat'. |
 | Later than expected speech development.
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Non-language indicators.
 | May have walked early but did not crawl - was a 'bottom shuffler' or 'tummy wriggler'. |
 | Persistent difficulties in getting dressed efficiently and putting shoes on the correct feet. |
 | Enjoys being read to but shows no interest in letters or words. |
 | Is often accused of not listening or paying attention. |
 | Excessive tripping, bumping into things and falling over. |
 | Difficulty with catching, kicking or throwing a ball; with hopping and/or skipping. |
 | Difficulty with clapping a simple rhythm.
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3. Primary school age.
 | Has particular difficulty with reading and spelling. |
 | Puts letters and figures the wrong way round. |
 | Has difficulty remembering tables, alphabet, formulae etc. |
 | Leaves letters out of words or puts them in the wrong order. |
 | Still occasionally confuses 'b' and 'd' and words such as 'no/on'. |
 | Still needs to use fingers or marks on paper to make simple calculations. |
 | Poor concentration. |
 | Has problems understanding what he/she has read. |
 | Takes longer than average to do written work. |
 | Problems processing language at speed.
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Non-language indicators:
 | Has difficulty with tying shoe laces, tie, dressing. |
 | Has difficulty telling left from right, order of days of the week,months of the year etc. |
 | Surprises you because in other ways he/she is bright and alert. |
 | Has a poor sense of direction and still confuses left and right. |
 | Lacks confidence and has a poor self image.
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4. 12 or over.
As for primary schools, plus:
 | Still reads inaccurately. |
 | Still has difficulties in spelling. |
 | Needs to have instructions and telephone numbers repeated. |
 | Gets 'tied up' using long words, e.g. 'preliminary', 'philosophical'. |
 | Confuses places, times, dates. |
 | Has difficulty with planning and writing essays. |
 | Has difficulty processing complex language or long series of instructions at speed.
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Non-language indicators:
 | Has poor confidence and self-esteem. |
 | Has areas of strength as well as weakness. |
Kindly taken from the BDA Website
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